Contino, FrancescoBlairvacq, SimonSimonBlairvacqLefebvre, AntoineAntoineLefebvre2025-05-142025-05-142025-05-142021https://hdl.handle.net/2078.2/22657Climate change is a growing concern since the 20th century. Thus, to cope with the rising demand in electricity and to attempt mitigating the climate change, the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, accelerates worldwide. To match these energy sources with energy demand, storage systems are deployed. Stationary batteries are considered as one the key flexibility options for future energy storage systems. However, their production is cost and green house gas intensive and studies are required to verify the consistency in integrating these technologies. This paper focuses on photovoltaic stand-alone systems with three different batteries: lead-acid, NMC lithium-ion and vanadium redox flow battery. A typical dwelling in Stockholm as well as a specific dwelling type in Kigali are chosen as they are two very different locations linked with a specific energy context. The interests reside in the differences in solar potential and carbon footprint of a dwelling relying solely on the grid as well as its cost. Besides, to determine the optimal capacity of batteries, simulations are performed in literature assuming fixed input values which are inherently uncertain in reality, leading thus to a drastic mismatch between predicted performances and performances in real world. Thus, to avoid this issue, parameters were assigned with some stochasticity and were propagated through a Python-based hybrid renewable energy system model. Minimizing cost and green house gases impact were the driving objectives of the system model and designs with optimal average performance were compared to designs with robust performance. Results show that PV exclusive designs achieve lower energy cost whatever the considered place. On the other hand, relying solely on the grid achieves the lowest green house gases emissions in Stockholm. In the case of Kigali, PV exclusive designs have lower carbon footprint than relying completely on the grid but installing a battery achieves even lower climate impact as well as increasing the owner's energy autonomy which can be interesting knowing the frequent power outages in Sub-Saharan Africa.Renewable energyRobust optimizationBattery storageEconomicEnvironmentalSolar systemtext::thesis::master thesisthesis:30683