Explanatory factors of the submission and of the approval of wind turbine projects in Wallonia, Belgium

Details

Supervisors

Lambin, Eric

Faculty

Faculté des sciences

Degree label

Master [120] en sciences géographiques, orientation générale, à finalité approfondie

Abstract

enNearly three-quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2016 came from energy use, making this sector a great lever for improvement in the fight against climate change. Among the different renewable energy solutions, onshore wind energy is an attractive one. However, wind turbines have a significant impact on landscapes and generate local opposition that leads many projects to be refused. This study examines the factors associated with the submission and approval of wind turbine projects in Wallonia, Belgium, a densely populated region with complex administrative structures and land-use constraints. Using spatial data on 401 wind turbine projects and a range of demographic, environmental, infrastructural, and wind resource variables, logistic regression models were applied to identify statistical relationships with project submission and approval outcomes. Results indicate that lower population density, higher presence of major infrastructure (highways, railways, and power pylons), and lower shares of Natura 2000 areasin the postal districts are associated with higher submission likelihood. Approval likelihood is statistically related to smaller unitary turbine capacity, stronger minimum wind power densities and less shares of land in the postal district occupied by areas of biological interest. These findings provide insights into the spatial dynamics of wind project development and may inform policymakers and developers seeking to optimise siting strategies while accounting for technical, environmental, and social considerations.