Le rôle du microbiote intestinal dans la toxicité des polluants environnementaux pour la santé humaine

Details

Supervisors

Delzenne, Nathalie M. ; Bindels, Laure B.

Faculty

Faculté de pharmacie et des sciences biomédicales

Degree label

Master [120] en sciences pharmaceutiques, à finalité spécialisée

Abstract

enThe objective of this thesis is to understand how the gut microbiota influences the toxicity of environmental pollutants and, in turn, how these pollutants alter the structure and functions of the microbiota. In a context of increasing exposure to many pollutants, understanding the role of this microbial ecosystem appears essential to understand individual variability in toxic responses. This work is based on a critical analysis of recent literature, including animal studies, human epidemiological data, and multi-omic mechanistic approaches. The research methods are based on a structured narrative review, focusing on microbial biotransformation mechanisms, alterations in pharmacokinetics, and induced toxicodynamic effects. The results show that the microbiota can activate or detoxify certain xenobiotics, modulate their bioavailability, and influence certain key pathways. Conversely, many pollutants induce dysbiosis, a loss of protective metabolites, and increased inflammation, amplifying their own toxicity. The conclusion highlights the bidirectional nature of these interactions and the importance of considering the microbiota as a major determinant of environmental toxicity. Finally, several research perspectives are proposed: development of humanized models and exploration of microbiota- targeted preventive strategies (prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics).