Prévention des infections du virus respiratoire syncytial chez le nourrisson : analyse comparative du palivizumab, du nirsevimab et de la vaccination maternelle
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- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infections in infants and young children, with a substantial impact in terms of morbidity, hospitalisations and costs. In recent years, major advances have been achieved in RSV prevention. In addition to palivizumab, which was launched in 1999, another monoclonal antibody, nirsevimab, was approved in 2022. Its long duration of action provides protection for newborns throughout the entire epidemic season. In 2023, a maternal vaccine was approved by the EMA, allowing newborns to be immunised through transplacental transfer of antibodies. The aim of this dissertation is to compare these different prevention strategies by evaluating their mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, cost and parental perception. In conclusion, nirsevimab appears to be the most promising approach for large scale prevention of RSV in infants. Its proven efficacy, duration of action covering the entire epidemic season, and simplicity of administration are major advantages over palivizumab and maternal vaccination.