Economic Opportunities and Stakeholder Trade-Offs in Solar Photovoltaic Development on Underutilized Land: Evidence from Wallonia

(2026)

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Abstract
This thesis examines the economic opportunities and trade-offs of developing solar photovoltaic projects on underutilized land in Wallonia. Based on a qualitative multiple-case study, it shows how land type, stakeholder dynamics, grid constraints, and business model choices shape project feasibility. The findings suggest that such land can create value through land revalorization and reduced land-use conflict, but only when legitimacy issues, technical constraints, and grid connection costs are effectively managed.