Xylazine et nouveaux dérivés des opioïdes : émergence, impact sur la santé et prise en charge des personnes en situation de dépendance
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- The 2025 European Drug Report by the European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA) indicates that opioids account for 74% of fatal overdoses within the European Union (EU) (European Union Drugs Agency, 2025), highlighting their status as a major public health concern. In this context, the EUDA reports a rising trend in the consumption of synthetic drugs. At a broader level, North America is experiencing a surge in xylazine use, which is often associated with opioid consumption. Against this backdrop, it becomes pertinent to examine what xylazine is, identify emerging synthetic opioids, and understand their impacts. It is also crucial to explore the treatment and prevention strategies that can be implemented and to assess their effectiveness. While this thesis does not aim to cover all new synthetic opioids, it seeks to address these questions through selected examples. Xylazine, in particular, will be studied to evaluate potential responses should its use become widespread in opioid-related dependence in Belgium.