Bias in the media: a discourse analysis on CNN and Fox News

Details

Supervisors

Opello, Katherine

Faculty

Faculté de philosophie, arts et lettres

Degree label

Master [120] en communication multilingue, à finalité spécialisée: langues des affaires

Abstract

enThis thesis delves into the bias present in two major media outlets, CNN and Fox News, focusing on their partisanship and its impact on audience perceptions, especially concerning abortion. The research is divided into theoretical background and practical discourse analysis. The introduction examines how bias manifests in American media, specifically through CNN and Fox News, aiming to answer questions about media bias and its effects on public opinion. The research highlights the importance of written content over spoken words. The primary focus is on the media's role in political discourse surrounding abortion, particularly in Arizona and Florida. The analysis concentrates on two referendums regarding abortion laws in these states, examining the relationship between media coverage and public opinion. The methodology includes a literature review on media bias and an examination of CNN and Fox News' historical context and political affiliations. The methodology involves analysing language and framing techniques used in media coverage, particularly word choice, to identify bias. The literature review outlines the backgrounds of CNN and Fox News, highlighting their political affiliations and techniques used to attract audiences. CNN is characterized as left leaning, while Fox News is identified as right-wing, with both outlets employing specific language to resonate with their respective audiences. CNN, founded in 1980, was the first 24-hour news channel, while Fox News, established in 1996, positioned itself as a conservative alternative. Both networks have faced criticism for perceived biases in their reporting. The thesis discusses audience segmentation based on demographics, psychographics, and behaviour, explaining how media outlets tailor their content to attract specific groups. The analysis of media coverage on abortion in Arizona and Florida reveals significant differences in language and framing between CNN and Fox News. For instance, terms like "abortion ban" and "reproductive rights" appear more frequently in CNN articles, reflecting a pro-choice stance, while Fox News emphasizes "pro-life" language. Both media outlets publish articles strategically around key political moments. The analysis shows that CNN often highlights health consequences and legislative changes, whereas Fox News focuses on legal implications and political narratives. A survey conducted with U.S. citizens reveals that participants are often critical of the media content they consume. The findings indicate that while Democrats tend to favour CNN, many express scepticism towards its coverage. Republicans, though fewer in number, also show varying responses to the media. The thesis concludes that both CNN and Fox News exhibit partisanship and bias in their coverage of abortion, influencing public perceptions. The impact of media on citizen partisanship is nuanced, with many participants remaining critical of the content presented. Future research could expand on these findings by including a broader range of media outlets and topics.