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Claessens_1074-85-00_2022.pdf
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- The work aims to illustrate why it is useful to rediscover the tafsīr of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, entitled the Tafsīr al-kabīr (Great Commentary) or the Mafātīḥ al-ghayb (The keys of the invisible), in the current Belgian Islamic landscape. It shows how this tafsīr sheds new light on how to apprehend the Quran, how it makes it possible to rediscover the richness of Muslim thought and to open up to the plurality of currents in Islam. To begin with, we study the domain of tafsīr. We specify what the term tafsīr covers and we analyze the different possible classifications in order to situate the method of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī within the domain. Then, after a presentation of Rāzī, we approach the context in which he lived. This allows us to understand how this tafsīr appeared, how it was perceived over time and why it is hardly studied today in Belgian Muslim circles. In order to show what Rāzī's text can contribute compared to the one that is today dominant, that is to say that of Ibn Kathīr, we present the latter's tafsīr and we analyze how Ibn Kathīr faces Rāzī. To do this, we briefly study the biography of Ibn Kathīr, his sources of inspiration and his method. Next, in order to identify Rāzī's method, we give many passages from his tafsīr. We precede these passages with the corresponding passage from Ibn Kathīr's tafsīr, as translated into French. We explain why this French translation is actually an abridged version of Ibn Kathīr's tafsīr. Then, we present the advantages and limits of Rāzī's method from a current perspective. In order to show the advantages that the tafsīr of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī possesses in the face of the current challenge of teaching the Islamic religion in Belgium, we finally give concrete applications in the form of lessons.